光華講壇——社會(huì)名流與企業(yè)家論壇第6727期
主題:Redistribution with Adverse Selection and Moral Hazard逆向選擇與道德風(fēng)險(xiǎn)情況下的再分配
主講人:北京大學(xué)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)院 崔小勇副教授
主持人:財(cái)政稅務(wù)學(xué)院院長(zhǎng) 李建軍教授
時(shí)間:4月14日11:20-13:00
地點(diǎn):柳林校區(qū)格致樓918會(huì)議室
主辦單位:財(cái)政稅務(wù)學(xué)院 科研處
主講人簡(jiǎn)介:
崔小勇,北京大學(xué)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)院財(cái)政學(xué)系長(zhǎng)聘副教授,博士生導(dǎo)師,北京大學(xué)數(shù)量經(jīng)濟(jì)與數(shù)理金融教育部重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室副主任,北京大學(xué)中國(guó)財(cái)稅研究中心副主任。研究方向包括公共財(cái)政理論、宏觀(guān)經(jīng)濟(jì)理論與政策。在Journal of Public Economics、Economics Letters、Journal of Macroeconomics、《經(jīng)濟(jì)研究》《管理世界》《金融研究》《世界經(jīng)濟(jì)》等經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)權(quán)威期刊發(fā)表學(xué)術(shù)論文五十余篇,合作著作《政府政策改變的福利分析方法與應(yīng)用》入選國(guó)家哲學(xué)社會(huì)科學(xué)文庫(kù),主持和參與多項(xiàng)國(guó)家和省部級(jí)課題,先后獲得北京大學(xué)多項(xiàng)教學(xué)榮譽(yù)獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)。
內(nèi)容提要:
This lecture develops an optimal income tax schedule in a Mirrlees model extended to include both ability and luck as sources of income inequality, which breaks down the traditional incentive compatibility constraints as luck may cause identical workers to earn different incomes. The tax schedule is defined on both ability and realized income, decoupling the design into moral hazard and adverse selection problems. This framework introduces modified incentive constraints, allows us to separate the tax schedule into redistributive and incentive effects, and examines their interaction. We find several novel numerical results. First, among workers with the same realized income, lower-ability workers face higher marginal tax rates due to the incentive effect. Second, workers experience a negative marginal tax rate when the negative productivity shock is large enough. Finally, we find a lower redistributive effect than the Mirrlees model, while the incentive effect, which increases with ability, raises the ex ante marginal tax rate.
本講座探討了在一個(gè)擴(kuò)展的米爾利斯模型中制定了最優(yōu)所得稅稅率表。該擴(kuò)展模型納入了能力和運(yùn)氣這兩個(gè)導(dǎo)致收入不平等的因素,打破了傳統(tǒng)的激勵(lì)相容約束,因?yàn)檫\(yùn)氣可能會(huì)使能力相同的勞動(dòng)者獲得不同的收入。所得稅稅率表是根據(jù)能力和實(shí)際收入來(lái)設(shè)定的,將稅率表的設(shè)計(jì)分解為道德風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和逆向選擇問(wèn)題。這一框架引入了經(jīng)過(guò)修正的激勵(lì)約束條件,使我們能夠?qū)⑺枚惗惵时矸纸鉃樵俜峙湫?yīng)和激勵(lì)效應(yīng),并研究二者之間的相互作用。我們得出了幾個(gè)新的數(shù)值結(jié)果。首先,在實(shí)際收入相同的勞動(dòng)者中,由于激勵(lì)效應(yīng)的存在,能力較低的勞動(dòng)者面臨著更高的邊際稅率。其次,當(dāng)負(fù)向的生產(chǎn)率沖擊足夠大時(shí),勞動(dòng)者會(huì)面臨負(fù)的邊際稅率。最后,我們發(fā)現(xiàn)與米爾利斯模型相比,再分配效應(yīng)更低,而隨著能力提升而增強(qiáng)的激勵(lì)效應(yīng)則提高了事前邊際稅率。