光華講壇——社會(huì)名流與企業(yè)家論壇第6708期
主題：Do Minimum Wages Reduce Job Opportunities for Blacks?最低工資是否降低了黑人群體的工作機(jī)會(huì)？
主講人：加州大學(xué)歐文分校 David Neumark教授
主持人：經(jīng)濟(jì)與管理研究院 肖偉教授
時(shí)間：3月28日13:30-15:30
地點(diǎn)：柳林校區(qū)格致樓1211會(huì)議室
主辦單位：經(jīng)濟(jì)與管理研究院 科研處
主講人簡(jiǎn)介：
David Neumark是加州大學(xué)歐文分校杰出經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)教授，也是人口、不平等和政策中心的聯(lián)合主任。他曾在美聯(lián)儲(chǔ)、賓夕法尼亞大學(xué)、密歇根州立大學(xué)和加州公共政策研究所任職，目前擔(dān)任兼職研究員。他是NBER、IZA和CESifo的研究員，也是舊金山聯(lián)邦儲(chǔ)備銀行的訪(fǎng)問(wèn)學(xué)者。他在勞動(dòng)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)中與重要公共政策問(wèn)題交叉的許多領(lǐng)域做出了重要貢獻(xiàn)。他對(duì)勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng)歧視的研究開(kāi)辟了衡量歧視的新方法，還是“新最低工資研究”的最初貢獻(xiàn)者之一，幫助開(kāi)創(chuàng)了使用州級(jí)最低工資變化來(lái)估算最低工資影響的先河。在城市與區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)領(lǐng)域，他在區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)政策評(píng)估方面做出大量研究成果，并為Handbook of Regional and Urban Economics撰寫(xiě)相關(guān)綜述文章。
內(nèi)容提要：
We provide a comprehensive analysis of the effects of minimum wages on blacks, and on the relative impacts on blacks vs. whites. We study not only teenagers – the focus of much of the minimum wage-employment literature – but also other low-skill groups. We focus primarily on employment, which has been the prime concern with the minimum wage research literature. We find evidence that job loss effects from higher minimum wages are much more evident for blacks, and in contrast not very detectable for whites, and are often large enough to generate adverse effects on earnings.
We supplement this work with additional analysis that distinguishes between effects of an individual’s race and the race composition of where they live. The extensive residential segregation by race in the United States raises the question of whether the more adverse effects of minimum wages on blacks are attributable to more adverse effects on black individuals, or more adverse effects on neighborhoods with large black populations. We find relatively little evidence of heterogeneity in effects across areas defined by the share black among residents. But the large disemployment effects for blacks coupled with strong residential segregation imply that those adverse effects of minimum wages are concentrated in areas with high concentrations of blacks.
我們提供了對(duì)最低工資對(duì)黑人群體影響的全面分析，并探討了最低工資對(duì)黑人與白人群體的相對(duì)影響。我們不僅研究了青少年——這是最低工資與就業(yè)文獻(xiàn)中的主要關(guān)注對(duì)象——還研究了其他低技能群體。我們的研究主要關(guān)注就業(yè)，這是最低工資研究文獻(xiàn)中的核心問(wèn)題。我們發(fā)現(xiàn)，高最低工資帶來(lái)的失業(yè)效應(yīng)在黑人群體中更為明顯，而對(duì)白人的影響則不太顯著，而且這些效應(yīng)通常足夠大，足以對(duì)收入產(chǎn)生不利影響。
我們通過(guò)進(jìn)一步的分析區(qū)分了個(gè)體種族和居住地種族構(gòu)成的效應(yīng)。美國(guó)廣泛存在的種族居住隔離現(xiàn)象引發(fā)了一個(gè)問(wèn)題：最低工資對(duì)黑人群體的不利影響是源于對(duì)黑人的個(gè)體性影響，還是源于對(duì)黑人聚集社區(qū)的不利影響？我們發(fā)現(xiàn)，不同種族比例的居住區(qū)之間的效應(yīng)異質(zhì)性相對(duì)較小。然而，黑人群體顯著的失業(yè)效應(yīng)與強(qiáng)烈的居住隔離現(xiàn)象相結(jié)合，表明最低工資的不利影響主要集中在黑人比例較高的地區(qū)。
